Health Encyclopedia

Home | List of Topics | General Medical Information | Tests

Synovial biopsy

Definition

The synovial membrane is tissue that lines a joint. In this biopsy, a sample is taken of the joint lining.

Alternative Names

Biopsy - synovial membrane

How the test is performed

The test may be done in your health care provider's office. The joint to be biopsied will be positioned so there is easy access. The joint will be injected with a local anesthetic.

Next, an instrument (trocar) used to force fluid from a cavity is inserted into the joint space. The biopsy needle is inserted through the trocar and twisted to cut out a tissue segment. The biopsy needle is removed and the trocar is removed. The biopsy site is cleansed and pressure and bandage are applied.

This procedure may also be performed in a hospital via arthroscopy.

How to prepare for the test

Tell your health care provider if you have any drug allergies . Also make sure your health care provider knows which medications you are taking (including any herbal medicines and supplements), if you have bleeding problems, and if you are pregnant.

How the test will feel

With the local anesthetic, you will feel a prick and a burning sensation. As the trocar is inserted, there will be some discomfort.

Why the test is performed

Synovial biopsy helps diagnose gout, bacterial infections, or other infections and may suggest the presence of inflammatory conditions, such as autoimmune disorders.

Normal Values

The synovial membrane structure is normal.

What abnormal results mean

Synovial biopsy may identify the following conditions:

• Coccidioidomycosis (a fungal infection)
• Fungal arthritis
• Gout (urate crystals that form in the joints)
• Hemochromatosis (abnormal accumulation of iron deposits)
• Tuberculosis
• Synovial cancer

The test may help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.

What the risks are

There is a very slight chance of infection and bleeding. Rarely, there is a chance of the needle striking a nerve or blood vessel.

Review Date:9/21/2006
Reviewed By:Jeffrey Kauffman, MD, Sacramento Knee and Sports Medicine, Sacramento, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is the first of its kind, requiring compliance with 53 standards of quality and accountability, verified by independent audit. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial process. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics (www.hiethics.com) and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).

The Agency for Health Care Administration (Agency) and this website do not claim the information on, or referred to by, this site is error free. This site may include links to websites of other government agencies or private groups. Our Agency and this website do not control such sites and are not responsible for their content. Reference to or links to any other group, product, service, or information does not mean our Agency or this website approves of that group, product, service, or information.

Additionally, while health information provided through this website may be a valuable resource for the public, it is not designed to offer medical advice. Talk with your doctor about medical care questions you may have.