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Lung diffusion testing

Definition

Lung diffusion testing is used to determine how well oxygen passes from the air sacs of the lungs into the blood. The test measures the "diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide" or DLCO.

Alternative Names

Diffusing capacity; DLCO test

How the test is performed

You breath in (inhale) some gas containing a very small quantity of carbon monoxide, hold your breath for 10 seconds, then rapidly blow it out (exhale). The single exhaled gas is analyzed to determine how much carbon monoxide was absorbed during the breath.

How to prepare for the test

Do not eat a heavy meal before the test. Do not smoke for at least 4 - 6 hours prior to the test. If you use a bronchodilator or inhaler medications, ask your health care provider whether or not you can use them before the test.

How the test will feel

The mouth piece fits tightly around your mouth. Clips are put on the nose. 

Why the test is performed

The test is used to diagnose the presence and extent of certain lung diseases. It may also be used to see how gases move the lungs into the bloodstream.

Normal Values

Normal test results depend on a person's age, sex, and height.

What abnormal results mean

Abnormal results generally mean that gases do not move normally across the lung tissues. This may mean that lung diseases, such as interstitial fibrosis, sarcoidosis, asbestosis, and emphysema, are present.

What the risks are

There are no significant risks.

Special considerations

Other pulmonary function tests may be done in combination with this test.

References

Lamberto C, Nunes H, Le Toumelin P, Duperron F, Valeyre D, Clerici C. Membrane and capillary blood components of diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide in pulmonary sarcoidosis: relation to exercise gas exchange. Chest. 2004 Jun;125(6):2061-8.

Mohsenifar Z, Lee SM, Diaz P, et al. Single-Breath Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide: A Predictor of PaO2, Maximum Work Rate, and Walking Distance in Patients With Emphysema. Chest 123: 1394-1400.

Review Date:8/3/2007
Reviewed By:Allen J. Blaivas, DO, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Veteran Affairs, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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