Health Encyclopedia

Tuberculin tine test

Definition

The tuberculin tine test is used to determine whether someone has come in contact with the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. However, the test is rarely used because other tests are more accurate.

Alternative Names

TB tine

How the test is performed

This test uses a tiny spiked instrument to inject a small amount of the tuberculosis antigen just under your skin. This is most commonly done on the arm. Usually, the area is marked with an ink pen, so it can be checked for any redness and swelling at a later time, usually in 2 - 3 days.

Note: Another test, called the tuberculin skin test, is more accurate than the TB tine test covered in this article, and is the preferred method of determining exposure to tuberculosis.

How to prepare for the test

There is no special preparation. People with dermatitis or other skin irritations on their arms may need to have the test performed at a different spot on the body.

How the test will feel

Some people feel a slight stinging sensation when the instrument is inserted under the skin. After the test, the area may itch or burn.

Why the test is performed

This test helps determine if you have ever been exposed to tuberculosis. If you have ever been exposed to tuberculosis, your immune system produced antibodies to help fight the disease. These remain in your body. When this test is performed, those with antibodies to tuberculosis will have a positive test result.

Normal Values

If you have a negative test result, the area may be a little red, but will not be swollen and firm like a mosquito bite. This means you have not been exposed to the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.

What abnormal results mean

If you have been exposed to tuberculosis, the area may become red and swell like a mosquito bite in 48 - 72 hours. This is considered a positive test result. It means your body's immune system detected the substance injected under your skin. A positive TB tine test does not mean that you have active tuberculosis, only that you have been exposed at some point in the past.

A chest x-ray may be taken to evaluate whether you have active tuberculosis.

If you have a positive TB tine test, you should also have a TB skin test.

What the risks are

The risk of severe side effects is very low. Typical reactions include itching and hives. Sometimes, the area may blister. Rarely, the area of swelling may become very large.

Tell your health care provider if you have any severe reactions.

Special considerations

The test results may be incorrect (false negative). False negative means the test suggests you haven't been exposed to tuberculosis, but you really have been. Incorrect results are more common with this test than with the tuberculin skin test.

This is more likely in the elderly and in patients with weakened immune systems, such as:

AIDS patients
Cancer patients who receive chemotherapy
Those who receive organ transplants
Anyone taking high doses of steroids

Review Date:6/20/2008
Reviewed By:A.D.A.M. Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, Greg Juhn, MTPW, David R. Eltz. Previously reviewed by Charlotte Grayson, MD, Private Practice specializing in Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Smyrna, GA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network (9/25/2006).

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