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Autosomal dominant

Definition

Autosomal dominant is one of several ways that a trait or disorder can be passed down through families. If a disease is autosomal dominant, it means you only need to get the abnormal gene from one parent in order for you to inherit the disease. One of the parents may often have the disease.

Alternative Names

Inheritance - autosomal dominant; Genetics - autosomal dominant

Information

Inheritance of a specific disease, condition, or trait depends on the type of chromosome affected (autosomal or sex chromosome) whether the trait is is dominant or recessive.

A single, abnormal gene on one of the first 22 non-sex chromosomes from either parent can cause autosomal disorder.

Dominant inheritance means an abnormal gene from one parent is capable of causing disease even though the matching gene from the other parent is normal. The abnormal gene "dominates" the pair of genes. If just one parent has a dominant gene defect, EACH child has a 50% chance of inheriting the disorder.

For example, if four children are born to couple in which one parent has an abnormal gene for a dominant disease, statistically two children will inherit the abnormal gene and two children will not. Children who do not inherit the abnormal gene will not develop or pass on the disease.

If someone is found to have an abnormal gene known to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, then the parents should also be tested for the abnormal gene.

Examples of autosomal dominant disorders include Huntington's disease and neurofibromatosis-1.

See also:

• Autosomal recessive
• Sex-linked dominant
• Sex-linked recessive
• Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis
• Heredity and disease

Review Date:6/24/2007
Reviewed By:Chad Haldeman-Englert, MD, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospitalof Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed HealthcareNetwork.

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