Health Encyclopedia

Body lice

Definition

Body lice are tiny parasitic insects (Pediculus humanus corporis) that spread through close contact with other people.

Alternative Names

Lice - body

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

There are three types of lice:

Head lice
Body lice
Pubic lice

Public and head lice are much smaller than body lice. This article focuses on body lice.

Lice feed on human blood, and they lay their eggs and deposit waste matter on the skin and clothing. A body lice infection causes intense itching. When body lice are not feeding on blood, they live in the seams and folds of clothing. Body lice are transmitted by contact with infected clothing and bedding as well as by direct contact with an infected person.

Risk factors include close (overcrowded) living conditions and poor hygiene.

Symptoms

Intense itching
Red bumps on the skin
Lice on clothing (look in the seams)

Signs and tests

Examination of the skin and clothing is usually sufficient to determine the presence of lice. The lice infestation may be confined to the body. However, people with body lice should be checked for lice on the scalp and lice on the groin area.

Treatment

Because body lice live primarily in clothing, destruction or careful washing of infected garments is most important. In addition, your doctor may recommend a prescription cream or wash.

Expectations (prognosis)

With effective treatment, the lice can be completely eliminated.

Complications

Secondary skin infection from scratching
Spread of lice to others

Rarely, body lice may be carriers of uncommon disease such as relapsing fever or trench fever.

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if you detect lice in your clothing or have persistent itchy bites.

Prevention

Good personal hygiene and effective treatment of infected persons will prevent lice from spreading to others.

Review Date:10/17/2006
Reviewed By:Jonathan Kantor, M.D., Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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