Health Encyclopedia

Strains

Definition

A strain is when a muscle becomes overstretched and tears. This painful injury, also called a "pulled muscle," can be caused by an accident, improper use of a muscle, or overuse of a muscle.

Alternative Names

Pulled muscle

Causes

Excessive physical activity or effort
Improperly warming up before a physical activity
Poor flexibility

Symptoms

Pain and difficulty moving the injured muscle
Discolored and bruised skin
Swelling

First Aid

Apply ice immediately to reduce swelling. Wrap the ice in cloth -- avoid using ice directly on the skin. Apply ice for 10 to 15 minutes every 1 hour for the first day. Then, every 3 to 4 hours.
Use ice for the first 3 days. After that, either heat or ice may be helpful.
Rest the pulled muscle for at least a day. If possible, keep the pulled muscle elevated above the level of the heart.
Avoid using a strained muscle while it is still painful. When the pain subsides, start activity slowly and in moderation.

Call immediately for emergency medical assistance if

You are unable to move the muscle.
The injury is bleeding.

Call your doctor if the pain does not go away after several weeks.

Prevention

Warm-up properly before exercise and sports.
Keep your muscles strong and flexible.

References

Mercier LR. Sports medicine. In: Mercier LR, ed. Practical Orthopedics. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2008:chap 15.

Cohen I, Jouve C. Trapezius strain. In: Frontera, WR, Silver JK, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 8.

Geiderman JM. General principles of orthopedic injuries. In: Marx J, ed. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 6th ed. St Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2006:chap 46.

Review Date:5/2/2009
Reviewed By:Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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